Kungani Isitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 Siyimfuneko Yokukhetha Abaphakeli Be-Brake Caliper

Isingeniso: Ingozi Efihliwe Kuyo Yonke Impahla Ethengwayo Ye-Brake Caliper

Lapho abaphathi bezimoto noma izikhulu zokuthenga zikhetha abahlinzeki be-caliper yamabhuleki, bavame ukugxila entengo, isikhathi sokuhola, kanye nokuhambisana namamodeli athile ezimoto. Kodwa-ke, isici esisodwa sinesisindo esikhulu kunanoma yiziphi ezinye: ukuthi umhlinzeki unesitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949. Le ndinganiso - isisekelo sokuphathwa kwekhwalithi kuchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto - akuyona isitifiketi esihle sokuba naso.i-caliper yamabhulekiabakhiqizi abakhonza ingxenye yezimoto zezentengiselwano, kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo esihlukanisa ukukhiqizwa okuthembekile nobudedengu obuyingozi. Ngokusho kwe-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), ukwehluleka kwesistimu yamabhuleki kubangela cishe u-22% wazo zonke izingozi zamaloli amakhulu e-United States, okwenza ikhwalithi yomhlinzeki ibe yinto ekhathazayo ngqo ngokuphepha komphakathi.

Ama-caliper amabhuleki ayizingxenye ezithwala umthwalo, ezibalulekile ekuphepheni. Iphutha elilodwa - ukubhoboka kwendlu ehlanganisiwe, ibhobo elingakasebenzi kahle, noma uphawu lwe-piston olungaphansi kwesilinganiso - kungabangela ukwehluleka kwamabhuleki ngokuphelele ngesivinini somgwaqo omkhulu. Isitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 sibhekana nayo yonke inqubo engaletha amaphutha anjalo, kusukela ekuhlolweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingenayo kuya ekuhlolweni kokuhlanganiswa kokugcina. Abahlinzeki abadlula lesi sitifiketi basika amakhona endaweni eyingozi kakhulu: inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokwayo.

Lokho i-ISO/TS 16949 Ekulinganisa Ngempela - nokuthi Kungani Kubalulekile Kuma-Brake Caliper

I-ISO/TS 16949 iyincazelo yobuchwepheshe ye-ISO evumelanisa izidingo zokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yezimoto kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke. Ekuqaleni yasungulwa ngokubambisana ne-Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), ihlanganisa izisekelo ze-ISO 9001 nemikhakha ethile yomkhakha ebhekana nezidingo ezihlukile zokukhiqiza izimoto. Kumkhiqizi we-brake caliper, ukubhaliswa kwe-ISO/TS 16949 kusho ukuthi lesi sikhungo sinezinqubo ezibhalwe phansi, ezingaphindaphindeka kuzo zonke izinyathelo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni.

Indinganiso ihlanganisa izindawo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko ezithinta ngqo ikhwalithi ye-brake caliper. Okokuqala, i-Process Flow Diagrams (P-FMEAs) ikhomba yonke imodi yokwehluleka okungenzeka ezigabeni zokukhiqiza, zokugaya, zokuhlanganisa, kanye nezokuhlola. Okwesibili, Izinhlelo Zokulawula zibeka amaphuzu okuhlola aqondile, izindlela zokulinganisa, kanye nezinqubo zokusabela kwengozi ngayinye etholakele. Okwesithathu, i-Statistical Process Control (SPC) ilandelela ubukhulu obubalulekile - ububanzi be-piston bore, ukujula kwe-seal groove, kanye nokubambeka kwendlu - ngesikhathi sangempela. Okwesine, i-Incoming Quality Inspection (IQI) iqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezihlangabezana nemininingwane kuphela ezifika ekukhiqizweni. Okwesihlanu, i-Calibration Management iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke ama-gauge kanye nemishini yokuhlola ifunda ngokunembile. Okwesithupha, i-Traceability Systems ixhumanisa yonke i-caliper eqediwe emuva endaweni ethile yezinto zokusetshenziswa, ithuluzi lomshini, kanye ne-operator shift eyikhiqizile.

Imikhakha Eyinhloko ye-ISO/TS 16949 Esetshenziswa Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-Brake Caliper:

Izindleko Zangempela Zokweqa i-ISO/TS 16949 Ku-Brake Supply Chain

Ukukhetha umhlinzeki we-brake caliper ongaqinisekisiwe kunganciphisa izindleko zokuthenga kusengaphambili ngo-15% kuya ku-25%, ngokusho kwezilinganiso zemboni. Lokho konga okusobala kuyanyamalala ngesikhathi isigameko esisodwa sekhwalithi singena esilinganisweni. I-brake caliper ehlulekayo ukusebenza ibangela uhlu lwezindleko okungekho mnyango wokuthenga ongazithola buthule: ukuphuka komgwaqo nokudonsa, umsebenzi wokulungisa ophuthumayo, isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwezimoto esithatha izinsuku noma amasonto, ukubambezeleka kwempahla okubangela izinhlawulo zenkontileka, ukuphathwa kwezicelo zomshuwalense, kanye necala elingase libe yicala lomkhiqizo. Izindleko ezimaphakathi zokuphuka komgwaqo weloli elilodwa lezentengiselwano eNyakatho Melika, kufaka phakathi imali engenayo elahlekile kanye nezindleko zesibili, zilinganiselwa phakathi kuka-USD 1,200 no-USD 2,800 ngesigameko ngasinye, ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwemboni yokuphathwa kwemikhumbi. Phindaphinda lokho ngobukhulu bemikhumbi evamile yezentengiselwano - kanye nokungagwemeki kwezibalo kokwehluleka okuvela kuchungechunge lokuhlinzeka olungafaneleki - futhi ezomnotho zicaca ngokusobala.

Isiphetho Esiyinhloko: Isitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 asiyona imali ekhokhwayo. Singumshwalense wemiphumela ephelele yezezimali neyomthetho yokwehluleka kwamabhuleki okuvela efektri, hhayi emgwaqweni.

Ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okuqondile kwezezimali, abahlinzeki abangaqinisekisiwe babeka abathengi engcupheni yokulawula kanye neyomthwalo wemfanelo. E-European Union, izingxenye zezimoto kumele zihambisane noMthethonqubo we-UNECE 13-H wokubhuleka, obhekisela ekulandelweni kohlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi. E-United States, uMthetho Wokuphepha Kwezimoto Ezimotweni ubeka abathumeli kanye nabasabalalisi icala eliqinile ngamaphutha ezingxenyeni abazibeka emakethe. Umhlinzeki ongakwazi ukukhiqiza isitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 akanakukhombisa ukuthi izinqubo zekhwalithi ezanele zikhona - iqiniso elidlulisela umthwalo wemfanelo emahlombe omthengi ngokuqondile.

Umthelela Wezindleko Olinganiselwe: Ukunikezwa Kwe-Brake Caliper Eqinisekisiwe vs. Okungaqinisekisiwe

Indlela i-ISO/TS 16949 Eyakha Ngayo Uchungechunge Lokunikezwa Kwezingxenye Zamabhuleki Ezentengiselwano Ezizinzile Nezesikhathi Eside

Uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka luzinzile kuphela njengezinqubo ezilulawulayo. I-ISO/TS 16949 idala uhlaka lokusebenza oluvumela abathengi be-caliper yamabhuleki ukuthi bahlele ukuthenga kwabo ngokuzethemba, bazi ukuthi konke ukuthunyelwa okuvela kumhlinzeki oqinisekisiwe kuzohlangabezana nemininingwane efanayo neyokugcina. Lokhu kuhambisana kubaluleke kakhulu esigabeni sezimoto zezentengiselwano, lapho izingxenye zamabhuleki zisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo eziqhubekayo - ukubhuleka okunzima okuphindaphindiwe ekwehleni kwezintaba, ukubhuleka isikhathi eside ngesisindo esiphezulu semoto, kanye nokuchayeka kusawoti womgwaqo, umswakama, kanye nokujikeleza kokushisa.

Ukugcizelela kwale nqubo ku-Continual Improvement (CI) — okuyisidingo esiyinhloko se-ISO/TS 16949 — kusho ukuthi abahlinzeki be-caliper yamabhuleki abaqinisekisiwe abagcini nje ngokugcina ikhwalithi ezingeni elimisiwe. Banciphisa amazinga okukhubazeka ngenkuthalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, besebenzisa idatha evela kumashadi e-SPC, izikhalazo zamakhasimende, izimangalo zewaranti, kanye nemibiko yokusebenza kwensimu. Abahlinzeki abaqinisekisiwe bahambisa ukuhlolwa kokubhekwa kweminyaka emibili yizinhlangano ezizimele zezitifiketi, okusho ukuthi umuntu wesithathu uqinisekisa njalo ukuthi uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi luhlala lusebenza futhi lusebenza kahle. Abahlinzeki abangaqinisekisiwe abanakho ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kokuthi izinqubo zabo ziye zonakala yini kusukela kuthunyelwe inqwaba yokugcina.

Kwabaqhubi bemikhumbi kanye nabasabalalisi abakha isu lokuthenga iminyaka eminingi, isitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 senza kube lula ukuhlolwa kwabahlinzeki. Abathengi bangabhekisela emiphumeleni yokuhlola ekhona yomhlinzeki oqinisekisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula kunokuba benze ukuhlolwa kwesistimu okugcwele kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zokuphathwa kwabahlinzeki futhi kuvumela amaqembu okuthenga ukuthi agxile izinsiza zawo zokuhlola ezilinganiselwe kubahlinzeki ababaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuzinza Kwe-Supply Chain: Indlela Isitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 Esivikela Ngayo Wonke Umuntu Obambe iqhaza

Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Isitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 Somhlinzeki We-Brake Caliper

Ukucela isitifiketi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala, kodwa izitifiketi mbumbulu neziphelelwe yisikhathi kuyizinto ezikhathazayo ngempela kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Amaqembu okuthenga kufanele aqinisekise izitifiketi ze-ISO/TS 16949 ngesizindalwazi se-International Automotive Task Force (IATF) noma ngqo ngenhlangano ekhipha izitifiketi. Isitifiketi esisebenzayo sizobala igama lenhlangano esemthethweni eqinisekisiwe, ububanzi obuqondile besitifiketi (okufanele buhlanganise ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zamabhuleki ebhuleki noma izingxenye zamabhuleki ezimoto zezentengiselwano), inombolo yesitifiketi, izinsuku zokukhishwa kanye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kanye nenhlangano yokugunyazwa elawula isitifiketi.

Ngaphandle kwesitifiketi ngokwaso, abathengi kufanele bacele uhlelo lokulawula lomhlinzeki kanye nemibhalo ye-FMEA yenombolo ethile ye-brake caliper ecatshangelwayo. Le mibhalo iveza ukuthi umhlinzeki ucabange ngempela ngezindlela zokwehluleka ezihlukile ezinhlelweni zama-disc brake - izimo ezifana nokushisa okuphansi ngaphansi kokubhuleka okunzima okuphindaphindiwe, ukugqwala kwendlu ye-caliper ezimweni zikasawoti zomgwaqo wasebusika, kanye nokuguquguquka kwengcindezi yesilinda yesigqila ngaphakathi kwe-caliper assembly. Umhlinzeki ongakwazi ukukhiqiza i-FMEA ethembekile yomugqa wakhe we-brake caliper akawenzanga umsebenzi wobunjiniyela odingwa yi-ISO/TS 16949.

Abathengi abazoba khona kufanele futhi bacele i-oda lesampula ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekuthengeni okugcwele. Umhlinzeki oqinisekisiwe ngokuvamile uzonikeza i-oda lesampula lamayunithi ayi-10 kuya kwangu-50 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubukhulu, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kuya ebhuleki, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-salt spray. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo inikeza ubufakazi obucacile bekhwalithi - hhayi nje isitifiketi sephepha.

Izindinganiso Ezihambisanayo Wonke Umthengi We-Brake Caliper Okufanele Azazi

I-ISO/TS 16949 iyindinganiso yekhwalithi eyisisekelo, kodwa abathengi be-caliper yamabhuleki kufanele baqonde ubudlelwano bayo nezindinganiso ezihambisanayo ezilawula izici ezithile zokusebenza. I-IATF 16949, inguqulo ka-2016 eyathatha indawo ye-ISO/TS 16949, inguqulo yamanje ekhishwa yizinhlangano eziqinisekisayo manje. Izidingo eziyinhloko zihlala zihambisana, kodwa i-IATF 16949 yethule izidingo eziqinile zokuphathwa kokuphepha komkhiqizo, okubonisa izifundo ezifundwe ekubuyiselweni kwezimoto okudumile ngawo-2010. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi umhlinzeki wabo abamthandayo usevele ushintshele ku-IATF 16949 noma usasebenza ngaphansi kwesitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 esilinde ushintsho.

Ngale kohlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi, ukusebenza kwe-caliper yamabhuleki kulawulwa yizindinganiso zomthetho zesifunda. E-European Economic Area, i-UNECE Regulation 13-H ibeka imingcele yokusebenza ephansi yezinhlelo zokubhuleka ezimotweni zabagibeli, kanti i-Regulation 13 isebenza ezimotweni zezentengiselwano ezingaphezu kwamathani angu-3.5. E-United States, i-FMVSS 121 (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 121) ibeka izidingo zokusebenza kwe-brake ezimotweni zezentengiselwano ezibhuleka emoyeni. Noma iyiphi i-caliper yamabhuleki efakwe emotweni engaphansi kwe-FMVSS 121 kumele ilandelelwe enkambisweni yokukhiqiza elawulwa uhlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi - futhi i-ISO/TS 16949 noma i-IATF 16949 iyindinganiso eqondile izinhlangano ezilawulayo nezinkampani zomshuwalense eziyibona njengehlangabezana naleso sidingo.

Uchungechunge Lokunikezwa Kwamabhuleki Ezentengiselwano Olubanzi: Okunye Okudingayo Isitifiketi

Ama-caliper amabhuleki awasebenzi ngokwawo. Uhlelo olulodwa lokubhuleka kwemoto yezentengiselwano luncike kusethi yezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe — ngayinye yazo kufanele ivele kumhlinzeki onesitifiketi sekhwalithi esifanele.Ama-brake padizinto zokungqubuzana ezihambisana nezindinganiso zazo zokusebenza (njengesistimu yezinombolo ye-WVA esetshenziswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu ekuhlukanisweni kwamaphedi amabhuleki).Izilungisi ze-Slackgcina i-brake ivulekile njengoba ama-pads eguga — ngaphandle kwawo, amabanga okuma ayanda kancane kancane ngemva kwesehlakalo ngasinye sokubhuleka.Amakamelo okubhulekaguqula umfutho womoya ube amandla omshini avuselela izicathulo noma ama-pad amabhuleki.Ama-valve e-Solenoidukuphatha ukulandelana komfutho womoya ohlelweni lwamabhuleki, futhi ivalvu engasebenzi kahle ingabangela ukungalingani kokubhuleka noma ukuvalelwa ngokuphelele kwamabhuleki.Amasilinda amakhulu ebhulekifuthi amasilinda amasondo aphatha uhlangothi lwe-hydraulic lwe-braking equation, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwezimoto ezindala noma ezilula zezentengiselwano.

Abathengi abazimisele nge-ISO/TS 16949 kubahlinzeki babo be-caliper yamabhuleki kufanele basebenzise ukuqina okufanayo kuzo zonke izigaba zezingxenye zamabhuleki. Uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka lapho wonke umhlinzeki ephethe isitifiketi samanje se-ISO/TS 16949 noma i-IATF 16949 luqine kakhulu kunesinye lapho amazinga ekhwalithi esetshenziswa ngokungaguquki. Ingxenye eyodwa engaphansi kwezindinganiso - ngisho ne-gasket eshibhile noma indandatho yokuvala - ingafaka engcupheni ukusebenza kwesistimu yonke yokubhuleka eqinisekisiwe.

Isincomo Esiyinhloko: Yakha inqubomgomo yokuthenga edinga isitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 noma i-IATF 16949 njengesisekelo sabo bonke abahlinzeki bezingxenye zamabhuleki ezibalulekile ngokuphepha, okuhlanganisa ama-brake pad, ama-slack adjusters, amakamelo amabhuleki, ama-solenoid valve, kanye nama-brake master cylinders.

Amafulegi Abomvu: Indlela Yokubona Umhlinzeki We-Brake Caliper Okungafanele Athenjwe

Ngisho noma benesitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949, abathengi kufanele bahlale beqaphile. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zokuxwayisa zibonisa umhlinzeki we-brake caliper ohlelo lwakhe lokuphatha ikhwalithi lungase lube phezulu noma lungasebenzi.

Lezi zimo ezilandelayo kufanele zibangele ukuhoxiswa ngokushesha ohlwini lwabaphakeli:

1. Umhlinzeki akakwazi ukukhiqiza isitifiketi samanje se-ISO/TS 16949 noma i-IATF 16949 esivela enhlanganweni egunyaziwe yokuqinisekisa zingakapheli amahora angu-48 eceliwe.

2. Ububanzi besitifiketi abusho ngokusobala ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zamabhuleki ezimoto zokuhweba noma zezimoto zokuhweba.

3. Umhlinzeki wenqaba ukwabelana ngoHlelo lwakhe Lokulawula kanye ne-FMEA ngenombolo ethile yengxenye okuxoxwa ngayo.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwesampula kwembula ubukhulu noma ukuphela kwendawo ngaphandle kwebhendi yokubekezelelana kwencazelo ye-OEM.

5. Umhlinzeki akanalo uhlelo lokulandelela — abakwazi ukuhlonza ukuthi yimuphi umshini, izinto eziningi, noma i-operator shift ekhiqize i-caliper ethile.

6. Umhlinzeki akanayo idatha yokuhlola ukugqwala kokufuthwa ngosawoti noma akakwazi ukubonisa ukuthobela izidingo ze-FMVSS 121 noma ze-UNECE Regulation 13.

7. Intengo ingaphansi kakhulu kwesilinganiso semakethe somndeni oyingxenye — uphawu lokuthi umhlinzeki unciphise amazinga ezinto zokwakha noma izinyathelo zomshini ukuze athole izindleko eziphansi.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ingabe i-ISO/TS 16949 isasebenza, noma ingabe ithathelwe indawo yi-IATF 16949?

I-ISO/TS 16949 yathathelwa indawo ngokusemthethweni yi-IATF 16949 ngo-2016. Izinga lamanje yi-IATF 16949:2016, enyatheliswa yi-IATF (International Automotive Task Force). Kodwa-ke, abahlinzeki abaningi basenezitifiketi ze-ISO/TS 16949 ezakhishwa ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lokushintsha. Abathengi kufanele bahlole usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesitifiketi futhi baqinisekise ukuthi umhlinzeki useqalile noma uqedile ukuhlolwa kwabo kokushintsha kwe-IATF 16949.

Ingabe umhlinzeki angaphumelela ukuhlolwa kwe-ISO/TS 16949 ngaphandle kokuba nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuhle empeleni?

Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwezitifiketi kunengozi yokuthobela imithetho ngokunganaki. Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano zezitifiketi ezigunyaziwe zenza kokubili ukubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti kanye nokubuka phansi kwefektri. Ukuhlolwa akuphelele, yingakho abathengi kufanele bangeze isitifiketi ngokuhlolwa kwabo kwesampula kanye nokubuyekezwa koHlelo Lokulawula lomhlinzeki kanye nemibhalo ye-FMEA. Isitifiketi samanje se-IATF 16949 noma i-ISO/TS 16949 siyisimo esidingekayo kodwa esinganele sokuthemba umhlinzeki we-brake caliper.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezithile okufanele ngizenze kuma-caliper amabhuleki esampula ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda eliphelele?

Okungenani, cela ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu ngokumelene nencazelo ye-OEM, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kwamabhuleki (ukulinganisa amandla okubopha kungcindezi ethile ye-hydraulic), ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-salt spray (ubuncane bamahora angu-500 nge-ASTM B117 ngayinye kuvamile ezingxenyeni zezimoto zezentengiselwano), kanye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezindawo zokufaka ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukugoba noma imiphetho ebukhali engalimaza izivalo ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Ingabe i-ISO/TS 16949 ihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo ze-brake caliper, okuhlanganisa ama-brake caliper angemuva kanye nama-caliper asebenza ngomoya?

Ububanzi besitifiketi se-ISO/TS 16949 somhlinzeki kufanele bucacise kahle ukuthi yimiphi imindeni yomkhiqizo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlanganisiwe. Umhlinzeki oqinisekisiwe wokukhiqizwa kwe-caliper yamabhuleki ensimbi angekhe abe nezinqubo ezifanayo ezibhaliwe zama-caliper e-aluminium noma ama-caliper aqhutshwa ngomoya. Qinisekisa ububanzi ngaphambi kokuthi ucabange ukuthi ukumbozwa kudlulela emndenini owudingayo.

I-ISO/TS 16949 isiza kanjani ngokulandelela i-brake caliper uma kwenzeka iphutha ensimini?

I-ISO/TS 16949 idinga uhlelo oluphelele lokulandelela oluxhumanisa yonke ingxenye eqediwe nomlando wayo wokukhiqiza: indawo yezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuhlonza amathuluzi omshini, ukushintsha komqhubi, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola esinyathelweni ngasinye senqubo ebalulekile. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwensimu, lokhu kulandelela kuvumela umhlinzeki nomthengi ukuthi banqume ngokushesha ukuthi iphutha lihlukaniswe yini endaweni ethile yokukhiqiza noma limelela ukwehluleka kwenqubo ehlelekile - okuvumela ukukhunjulwa okuqondiwe kunokufakwa esikhundleni semikhumbi egcwele.

Ingabe abakhiqizi be-brake caliper baseShayina bayakwazi ukuthola isitifiketi sangempela se-ISO/TS 16949 noma i-IATF 16949?

Yebo. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezingxenye zezimoto baseShayina banesitifiketi se-IATF 16949, esiqinisekiswe yizinhlangano ezifana ne-TUV, SGS, Bureau Veritas, kanye ne-DEKRA, ezisebenza eShayina futhi zikhipha izitifiketi eziqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele. Abakhiqizi baseShayina abanesitifiketi sangempela bafaka abahlinzeki abakhulu be-OEM ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yiliphi izwe abavela kulo, abathengi kumele baqinisekise isitifiketi ngesizindalwazi se-IATF futhi benze ucwaningo lwabo mayelana nekhono lenqubo.

Ziyini izindleko ezijwayelekile zokuhlolwa kwe-ISO/TS 16949 noma i-IATF 16949 komkhiqizi we-brake caliper, futhi ingabe lezo zindleko zithinta intengo yezingxenye?

Izindleko zokuhlola zesikhungo sokwakha izinsimbi kanye nemishini esiphakathi nendawo ngokuvamile zisukela ku-USD 8,000 kuya ku-USD 20,000 ngonyaka, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokuqapha. Kumkhiqizi we-brake caliper osezingeni eliphezulu, lezi zindleko zivame ukungena ezindleleni zokukhiqiza futhi zimelela ngaphansi kuka-0.5% wezindleko zezimpahla ezithengisiwe. Izindleko zokuhlola akufanele zithinte ngokunenjongo intengo yengxenye - iprimiyamu yentengo ebalulekile evela kumhlinzeki oqinisekisiwe cishe iqhutshwa amazinga aphezulu ezinto noma ukunemba komshini kunezindleko zokugcina isitifiketi sekhwalithi.